oratory in the shadow of social life in the umayyad era (with an emphasis on ziad-ibn-abih’s batra sermon)

abstract society is the benchmark of right and wrong and in fact literature is an expressive of it. considering this brief sentence it can be understood that the life of literature in all ages especially in umayyad era is under the influence of society, and literary techniques appear under the impact of the social stimuli in that society. social life of umayyad dynasty era enjoyed, in most areas, facilities, abundant wealth, security andlasting peace.while other cities of iraq (basra and kufa) were in the target of various intrigues and changes, and had a â very unstable social life basis. thus in such a society, very capable literates put feet to the literary arena; and expressed their own views by the language of poetry, prose or lecture according to society's needs. sermon as a technique to communicate with people developed and promoted under social impacts using various methods such as sympathy and reconstruction. in fact, since sermon is a kind of weapon in human society in conditions of peace and war to promote community to its higher status, so this brief study attempts to investigate the role of social life and some of the social impacts of umayyad era on sermon with the emphasis to batraâ  sermon of ziad ibn abihâ  by using descriptive-analitical approach.part of the research findings indicated that sermon is influenced by society and different social impacts that is evident in batra sermon so this sermon is considered as a social and critical one.